The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of DPN from database inception to July 18, 2021. Literature screening was carried out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the required information was extracted. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included trials, and RevMan 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis. Finally, six articles were included, involving 507 patients. The overall quality of included RCTs was not high. As revealed by Meta-analysis results, in terms of DPN score, one trial showed a significant difference in the experimental group before and after treatment, and the symptom of the experimental group was significantly improved compared with that in the control group after treatment. After treatment, a significant difference in DPN scores of the experimental group and the control group was observed(P<0.05), and the symptom improvement of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. In terms of sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV), the experimental group was superior to the control group in improving conduction velocities(MD_(median SCV)=4.45, 95%CI[2.79, 6.10], P<0.000 01; MD_(peroneal SCV)=6.70, 95%CI[5.64, 7.75], P<0.000 01; MD_(posterior tibial SCV)=4.03, 95%CI[0.56, 7.49], P=0.02). In terms of motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV), compared with the conditions before treatment, the conduction velocities of median nerve, peroneal nerve, and posterior tibial nerve in both groups increased after treatment(P<0.01). The experimental group was superior to the control group in improving MCV after treatment(P<0.05). In terms of average blood glucose change, there is no statistical significance of the improvement of average blood glucose between experimental group and the control group(MD=-0.15, 95%CI[-0.82, 0.51], P=0.65). In terms of overall response rate, the curative effect of the experimental group in the treatment of DPN was superior to that of the control group(RR=1.23, 95%CI[1.11, 1.37], P=0.000 1). In terms of adverse events, no obvious adverse events were reported in the included RCTs. In light of existing data and indexes, the clinical efficacy of Shuxuetong Injection combined with western medicine in the treatment of DPN may be superior to that of conventional western medicine. It can improve the clinical symptoms, SCV, MCV, and average blood glucose of DPN, with good safety. However, existing clinical trials are few and the quality is low. It is recommended to further verify the above conclusions with internationally recognized outcome indicators.