Background: Two systematic reviews summarized the efficacy and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hepatic resection, but both lacked a discussion of the differences in the pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in different ethnicities. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for VTE prophylaxis in Asian and Caucasian patients who have undergone hepatic resection. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases for studies reporting the primary outcomes of VTE incidence, bleeding events, and all-cause mortality from January 2000 to July 2022. Results: Ten studies involving 4318 participants who had undergone hepatic resection were included: 6 in Asians and 4 in Caucasians. A significant difference in VTE incidence was observed between the experimental and control groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.74, P = .004). No significant difference in bleeding events and all-cause mortality was observed (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.09, P = .30; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.42, P = .33, respectively). Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity showed a significant difference in the incidence of VTE in Asians (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39, P < .0001), but not in Caucasians (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.23, P = .21). No significant differences in bleeding events were found between Asians (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.48, 5.37, P = .45) and Caucasians (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.58, 2.12, P = .75). The sensitivity analysis showed that Ejaz's study was the main source of heterogeneity, and when Ejaz's study was excluded, a significant difference in VTE incidence was found in Caucasians (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93, P = .02). Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that the application of UFH or LMWH for VTE prophylaxis after hepatic resection is efficacious and safe in Asians and Caucasians. It is necessary for Asians to receive drug prophylaxis for VTE after hepatic resection. This study can provide a reference for the development of guidelines in the future, especially regarding the pharmacological prevention of VTE in different ethnicities.