Background. Gubenzhike recipe, a traditional Chinese herbal compound, was assumed to have a possible beneficial effect on COPD. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism from the perspective of respiratory mucosal immunity. Methods. COPD model was induced by exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS instillation in mice for 12 weeks. Animals were administered solution of Gubenzhike recipe by intragastric gavage daily for 4 weeks. After that, mice were sacrificed for lung function test and histological examination of lung tissues. The levels of IL-6 and IL-13 in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and intestinal mucus were measured by ELISA. The KGF and KGFR in lung tissue were analysed by immunohistochemical staining, ELISA, and western blotting, and the mRNA expressions were assessed by PCR. gamma delta T lymphocytes in the lungs were isolated and analysed by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. Results. Gubenzhike recipe improved the structure of airway and damage of lung tissue and also the respiratory status and lung function, reduced the content of IL-6 in serum and BALF and IL-13 in BALF and intestinal mucus, increased the proportion of gamma delta T cells in lung tissue, and promoted the secretion of KGF and KGFR (P<0.05). Conclusion. We for the first time demonstrated an experimental procedure for the isolation of gamma delta T lymphocytes from lung tissue. This study suggested that Gubenzhike recipe could enhance the respiratory mucosal immunity which provided experimental evidence for its effects of reinforcing "wei qi" by means of strengthening vital qi, tonifying spleen and kidney, relieving cough, and reducing phlegm in TCM.