Purpose: The purposes of this article were to evaluate the short-term outcome of plasma exchange (PLEX) for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) in Chinese patients and to identify the factors predictive of a favorable response to therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 29 Chinese patients with NMOSD. All patients received 2 to 7 sessions of PLEX every other day. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were estimated at baseline, at relapse, and before and at follow-up after PLEX. Patients were assigned to 1 of 2 groups according to treatment responses of marked to moderate improvement and mild to no improvement. Findings: Twenty-four of 29 patients (82.8%) showed functional improvement at 1 month after PLEX, 9 of whom experienced moderate to marked improvement. Early PLEX initiation and a lower baseline EDSS score were independent prognostic factors (both, P < 0.05). In addition, relapse symptoms of nonoptic neuritis and acute transverse myelitis plus circumventricular organs, seronegativity' for aquaporin-4 antibodies, shorter initial therapy PLEX interval, and no prior optic neuritis attacks were predictive factors significantly associated with a favorable response to treatment (all, P < 0.05). The delay time pre-PLEX was inversely correlated with reduction in EDSS score. The percentage reductions in EDSS score in groups receiving PLEX on days <= 15 and days 16 to 30 were significantly greater than those in the groups treated on days 31 to 60 and days 61 to 90 (all, P < 0.05). Most PLEX sessions were generally well tolerated. (C) 2018 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.