Purpose To report the intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with myopia and other factors in 7 and 12-year-old Chinese children. Methods All children participating in the Anyang Childhood Eye Study underwent non-contact tonometry as well as measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, cycloplegic auto-refraction, blood pressure, height and weight. A questionnaire was used to collect other relevant information. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to determine the associations of IOP. Results A total of 2760 7-year-old children (95.4%) and 2198 12-year-old children (97.0%) were included. The mean IOP was 13.5 +/- 3.1 mmHg in the younger cohort and 15.8 +/- 3.5 mmHg in older children (P< 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, higher IOP in the younger cohort was associated with female gender (standardized regression coefficient [SRC], 0.11, P< 0.0001), increasing central corneal thickness (SRC, 0.39, P< 0.0001), myopia (SRC, 0.05, P = 0.03), deep anterior chamber (SRC, 0.07, P< 0.01), smaller waist (SRC, 0.07, P< 0.01) and increasing mean arterial pressure (SRC, 0.13, P< 0.0001). In the older cohort, higher IOP was again associated with female gender (SRC, 0.16, P< 0.0001), increasing central corneal thickness (SRC, 0.43, P< 0.0001), deep anterior chamber (SRC, 0.09, P< 0.01), higher body mass index (SRC, 0.07, P = 0.04) and with increasing mean arterial pressure (SRC, 0.09, P = 0.01), age at which reading commenced (SRC, 0.10, P< 0.01) and birth method (SRC, 0.09, P = 0.01), but not with myopia (SRC, 0.09, P = 0.20). Conclusion In Chinese children, higher IOP was associated with female gender, older age, thicker central cornea, deeper anterior chamber and higher mean arterial pressure. Higher body mass index, younger age at commencement of reading and being born of a caesarean section was also associated with higher IOP in adolescence.