Background: The peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a rare malignant tumor originating from neuroectoderm. The accurate diagnosis is essential for the treatment of pPNET. Methods: we performed the largest cases of retrospective analysis thus far to review the unique computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinicopathological features of pPNET. The tumor location, morphological features, signal intensity, contrast enhancement characteristics, and involvement of local soft tissues of 36 pPNETs were assessed. Results: Our results showed that there were more men (25/36) than women pPNETs patients. Unenhanced MRI (16 cases) showed that 14 cases were isointense and 2 cases were hypointense on T1WI. Nine cases were isointense and 7 were hyperintense on T2WI. Most pPNETs had heterogeneous signal intensity with small necrosis (CT: 31/36; MRI: 14/16) as well as heterogeneous enhancement (CT: 34/30; MRI: 15/16). The tumors usually had ill-defined borders and irregular shapes (CT: 30/36; MRI: 15/16). Pathologic exam showed small areas of necrosis in all tumors. Conclusions: The diagnosis of pPNET should be suggested in young men when the imaging depicts a single large ill-defined solid mass with small area of necrosis, especially for those whose images show iso-intense on T1WI and T2WI and have heterogeneous enhancement.