Background With the increase in hemodialysis (HD) patients, the blood dialysis patient's quality of life (QoL) and long-term survival are still a challenge for clinicians. Recent studies have found that most of the HD patients have sleep disorders, which have a certain correlation with long-term survival and QoL. But there are few studies of Chinese in this field. This study aimed to investigate whether increasing the dialysis dose can improve sleep quality, so we treated HD patients on long intermittent hemodialysis (LIHD). Methods Forty patients who were treated by conventional HD at the Beijing Friendship Hospital Blood Purification Center were offered the option of LIHD. The patients' laboratory data, medication use, and questionnaire answers were analyzed. Conventional HD was delivered thrice weekly with 4 hours per treatment, and LIND was delivered thrice weekly with 8 hours per treatment. The study lasted 6 months. Questionnaires included sleep quality survey and QoL SF-36; the former includes the Athens Insomnia Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results After conversion to LIHD the dialysis efficiency (K-t/V) significantly increased than before (P <0.05) and clearance rate of urea nitrogen also increased from 67 to 78% (P <0.01). After conversion, median values for Hb increased from 108.95 to 126.55 g/L (P <0.01); albumin increased from 38.85 to 40.05 g/L (P <0.01). Phosphorus decreased from 2.69 to 1.54 mmol/L (P <0.01), but there was no alteration in blood calcium; phosphorus and calcium-phosphate product levels were under more control, but parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level did not change after conversion to LIHD. After conversion, blood pressure (BP) was better controlled than before and the mean number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed declined from 2.9 to 0.5 (P <0.01). There was a significant reduction in the use of erythropoietin-stimulating agent of 5250 U/w (P <0.01). Sleep quality significantly improved in the 2 months after conversion to LIND, and the PSQI score decreased from 10.80 to 5.45 and the ESS score decreased from 12.05 to 5.30 (P <0.01). However, sleep quality started to decline after 2 months on LIND. QoL SF-36 score increased from 410.92 to 592.53 (P <0.01). Conclusion LIHD offers an effective improvement in dialysis adequacy for Chinese maintenance HD patients, but it improves sleep quality only briefly which may be related to loss of serum calcium and parathyroid dysfunction.