Purpose To review the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferons (peginterferons) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Data sources An English language literature search (MEDLINE 1988 -2001) was performed and a total of 19 original articles related to the issue were selected. Data extraction After careful review of the selected papers, the meaningful results and conclusions were extracted using scientific criteria. The papers reviewed pertained mainly to the efficacy and safety profiles of peginterferons in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Results Peginterferon can effectively prolong the half-life of interferon and can be effectively administered conveniently as a once-a-week dose. The antiviral effect using peginterferon was enhanced compared with that of standard interferon, but the frequency and severity of adverse events were typical of those associated with interferon-a. Conclusions Based on its efficacy, safety and convenient dosing, peginterferon is more favorable than standard interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.