PTARF is a serious complication following trauma, with a mortality of about 50%. During 1969~1978, 295 cases of severe trauma were treated in this hospital, 19 cases were complicated with PTARF, giving an incidence of 7%. Three of the 6 cases occurred during 1969~1973 died, and in the 13 cases treated after 1973, there were only 2 deaths, showing a remarkable improvement in the result of treatment. This was attributed to early accurate diagnosis, and the clinical use of both hemo-and peritoneal dialysis. Etiologies of the 13 cases treated after 1973 were 5 post-traumatic shock, 6 crush injury and 2 following vascular surgery. Infection which is apt to occur on top of PTARF makes the condition still worse. The cause of death of the two cases treated after 1973 were both septicemia. Thus prevention of infection should be constantly borne in mind during the whole course of treatment.