Purpose The purpose of this meta-analysis was to review the current evidence in the literature to find out whether the coexisting chronic kidney disease affected infection, revision, transfusion, readmission, mortality, and the length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty. Methods Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their dates of inception to June 30, 2020. The primary outcomes were postoperative infection, revision, and mortality. The secondary outcomes were transfusion, the length of hospital stay, and readmission. A P value of < 0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant. Results A total of 881 articles were identified, and 7 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified to be eligible. The most important finding of our study was that the chronic kidney disease was associated with increased postoperative transfusion (P < 0.05) and mortality (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the patients with chronic kidney disease were associated with a higher readmission rate, compared to the patients without chronic kidney disease (P < 0.05). However, chronic kidney disease was not associated with high risks for infection (P > 0.05), revision surgeries (P > 0.05), and a prolonged hospital stay (P > 0.05). Conclusions After total knee arthroplasty, the patients with coexisting chronic kidney disease carry higher risks of transfusion, mortality, and readmission. However, the chronic kidney disease may not be associated with the risk of infection or revision, nor the duration of hospitalization.