单位：[1]Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland[2]Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany[3]Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy[4]General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy[5]Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada[6]Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico[7]Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda[8]School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil[9]Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil[10]Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey[11]Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA[12]Department of Hematology, Hospital de Clinicas Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay[13]Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands[14]National Women’s Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand[15]Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland[16]University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland[17]Irish Network for VTE Research, Dublin, Ireland[18]Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland[19]Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell and Institute for Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA[20]Department of Medicine, Anticoagulation and Clinical Thrombosis Services, Northwell Health at Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA[21]Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan[22]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China[23]Thrombosis & Haemophilia Centre, Guys & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK[24]Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been accounted for as a cause of death contributing to cause-specific mortality in global reports. Methods: We analyzed global PE-related mortality by focusing on the latest year available for each member state in the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database, which provides age-sex-specific aggregated mortality data transmitted by national authorities for each underlying cause of death. PE-related deaths were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for acute PE or nonfatal manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The 2001 WHO standard population served for standardization. Results: We obtained data from 123 countries covering a total population of 2 602 561 422. Overall, 50 (40.6%) were European, 39 (31.7%) American, 13 (10.6%) Eastern Mediterranean, 13 (10.6%) Western Pacific, 3 (2.4%) Southeast Asian, and 2 (1.6%) African. Of 116 countries classifiable according to population income, 57 (49.1%) were high income, 42 (36.2%) upper-middle income, 14 (12.1%) lower-middle income, and 3 (2.6%) low income. A total of 18 726 382 deaths were recorded, of which 86 930 (0.46%) were attributed to PE. PE-related mortality rate increased with age in most countries. The reporting of PE-related deaths was heterogeneous, with an age-standardized mortality rate ranging from 0 to 24 deaths per 100 000 population-years. Income status only partially explained this heterogeneity. Conclusions: Reporting of PE-related mortality in official national vital registration was characterized by extreme heterogeneity across countries. These findings mandate enhanced efforts toward systematic and uniform coverage of PE-related mortality and provides a case for full recognition of PE and VTE as a primary cause of death.
基金：
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [01EO1003, 01EO1503]; University of Mainz; Daiichi-SankyoDaiichi Sankyo Company Limited [DSE-DE-CV-20001]; Heart & Stroke Foundation of CanadaHeart & Stroke Foundation of Canada; University of Ottawa T2 Research Chair in Thrombosis and Anticoagulation Safety
第一作者单位：[1]Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland[2]Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany[*1]Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland[2]Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany[*1]Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Stefano Barco,Luca Valerio,Andrea Gallo,et al.Global reporting of pulmonary embolism-related deaths in the World Health Organization mortality database: Vital registration data from 123 countries[J].RESEARCH and PRACTICE in THROMBOSIS and HAEMOSTASIS.2021,5(5):doi:10.1002/rth2.12520.
APA：
Stefano Barco,Luca Valerio,Andrea Gallo,Giacomo Turatti,Seyed Hamidreza Mahmoudpour...&Stavros V. Konstantinides.(2021).Global reporting of pulmonary embolism-related deaths in the World Health Organization mortality database: Vital registration data from 123 countries.RESEARCH and PRACTICE in THROMBOSIS and HAEMOSTASIS,5,(5)
MLA：
Stefano Barco,et al."Global reporting of pulmonary embolism-related deaths in the World Health Organization mortality database: Vital registration data from 123 countries".RESEARCH and PRACTICE in THROMBOSIS and HAEMOSTASIS 5..5(2021)
