Background: High anal fistula (HAF) treatment is more complicated than low anal fistula treatment. Improper treatment can easily affect anal function. The main treatment of HAF is surgery; however, external medicine and systemic medicine may also be used as adjuvant treatments. This study used bibliometric methods to analyze the relevant literature and provide a rough outline of the current status of HAF research. Methods: A subject word-search strategy was used to retrieve HAF-related documents from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the exported raw data files, and draw a visual map, and BUSRT was used to detect and analyze the usage of keywords. Results: A total of 1,020 documents were retrieved using "high anal fistula" as the search term, and the number of documents generally shows an increasing trend over time. These papers were mainly published in developed countries, such as Europe and the United States (US). The US is the country that has carried out the most relevant cooperative research; however, there is a lack of cooperation among a large number of authors. The keyword analysis showed that the current research focus is the treatment of HAF, while research on the prevention of HAF is largely lacking. Conclusions: More international multi-center clinical research studies on HAF should be conducted, and research on HAF prevention should also be strengthened.