A Summary China is experiencing remarkable changes in people aging and migration. Therefore, the incidence and associated factors for hip fracture might differ from previous results. A nationally representative study of hip fracture enables policymakers to formulate preventive strategies and provide information on resource allocation. Purpose To estimate the incidence of hip fracture, between 2013 and 2015, among the middle-aged and older Chinese population. Methods Individuals with hip fractures between 2013 and 2015 were identified from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The sex-specific incidence and the associated factors of hip fracture were assessed. Results Among 19,112 individuals (51.4% women; mean age 60.5 years) included in the analysis, 408 (2.13%) had a hip fracture between 2013 and 2015. Moreover, the annual incidence of hip fracture for men and women were 1065 and 1069 per 100,000, respectively. The incidence of hip fracture increased with age (p < 0.001). A history of chronic disease, being unmarried, and individuals without insurance were associated with a higher incidence of hip fracture. Interestingly, the incidence of hip fracture was higher among individuals with fewer years of education (p = 0.002). The North-East regions of China had the lowest incidence of hip fracture (1022 per 100,000) between 2013 and 2015, followed by the North (1602 per 100,000), South-Central (2055 per 100,000), East (2173 per 100,000), and South-West (2537 per 100,000) regions. Finally, the incidence was highest among participants living in the North-West region (3244 per 100,000). Conclusion Between 2013 and 2015, the incidence of hip fracture is high among the middle-aged and older Chinese population. Furthermore, it varied significantly according to sociodemographic and geographic factors. Therefore, the support of targeted health policies and cost-effective preventive strategies are warranted in China.