单位：[1]Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China [2] UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, UK [3]Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK [4] Clinical Policy and Center for Evidence Reviews, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, USA [5] School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada [6] Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia [7]Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia [8]Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India [9] Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [10]Clinical Practice Guidelines & Quality Research Unit, Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [11]Pediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [12]Alexandria Center for Evidence‑Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt [13] Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland [14] Shanghai Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China [15] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China [16]Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore [17] Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore [18] Children’s Research Network and Department of Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [19]Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [20] Emergency and Critical Care Center, the Department of General Medicine, Department of Research and Medical Education at Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan [21]Advisory Committee in Cochrane Japan, Tokyo, Japan [22]Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea [23]Korea Cochrane Centre, Seoul, South Korea [24]Institute for Evidence‑Based Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea [25]Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea [26] Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea [27] Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea [28]Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China [29] Research Unit of Evidence‑Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China [30] Cochrane Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia [31]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China [32]Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China [33] Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China 首都儿科研究所[34] Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[35] Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院[36]Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China [37]National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China [38] Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China [39] Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[40]Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China [41]Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China [42] Department of Infection Diseases Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China [43]Department of Critical Care Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China [44]Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China [45] National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China [46]Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China [47] Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China [48]Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China [49]Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China [50] Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China 深圳市康宁医院深圳医学信息中心[51] Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China [52] Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China [53] Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada [54]McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada [55] Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre-Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain [56] Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China [57]WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China [58] Lanzhou University GRADE Centre, Lanzhou, China [59] Department of Nephrology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China [60]Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China [61]Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
Children are the future of the world, but their health and future are facing great uncertainty because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to improve the management of children with COVID-19, an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts developed a rapid advice guideline at the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. After publishing the first version of the rapid advice guideline, the panel has updated the guideline by including additional stakeholders in the panel and a comprehensive search of the latest evidence. All recommendations were supported by systematic reviews and graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Expert judgment was used to develop good practice statements supplementary to the graded evidence-based recommendations. The updated guideline comprises nine recommendations and one good practice statement. It focuses on the key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: identification of prognostic factors for death or pediatric intensive care unit admission; the use of remdesivir, systemic glucocorticoids and antipyretics, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; breastfeeding; vaccination; and the management of pediatric mental health. Conclusion: This updated evidence-based guideline intends to provide clinicians, pediatricians, patients and other stakeholders with evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Larger studies with longer follow-up to determine the effectiveness and safety of systemic glucocorticoids, IVIG, noninvasive ventilation, and the vaccines for COVID-19 in children and adolescents are encouraged.
基金：
National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China) [NCRCCHD-2020-EP-01]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [lzujbky-2021-ey13]; Chongqing "Bayu Scholar" program
第一作者单位：[1]Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[29] Research Unit of Evidence‑Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China [56] Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China [57]WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China [58] Lanzhou University GRADE Centre, Lanzhou, China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Enmei Liu,Rosalind Louise Smyth,Qinyuan Li,et al.Guidelines for the prevention and management of children and adolescents with COVID-19[J].EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS.2022,doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04615-4.
APA：
Enmei Liu,Rosalind Louise Smyth,Qinyuan Li,Amir Qaseem,Ivan D. Florez...&Qiu Li.(2022).Guidelines for the prevention and management of children and adolescents with COVID-19.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS,,
MLA：
Enmei Liu,et al."Guidelines for the prevention and management of children and adolescents with COVID-19".EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS .(2022)
