Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier function occurs in hepatic injury, but the specific mechanisms responsible are largely unknown. Recently, NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome functions in impairing endothelial barrier function. In this study, we test the hypothesis that TXNIP-NLRP3 axis repression prevents against intestinal barrier function disruption in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alterations in expression of ZO-1 and occludin, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) isolated from C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TXNIP-/- mice were evaluated. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of TXNIP knockout in vivo were investigated with the detection of expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3 and ZO-1, and occludin, the interaction of TXNIP-NLRP3, MPO activity, ROS level, permeability of intestinal mucosa, levels of inflammatory factors in serum, and LPS concentration. We identified that TXNIP knockout promoted ZO-1 and occludin expression, yet reduced MPO activity, ROS level, and cell permeability in IECs, indicating restored the intestinal barrier function. However, LPS upregulated TXNIP and NLRP3 expression, as well as contributed to the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 in vitro. Furthermore, TXNIP was significantly upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of NASH mice and its knockout repaired the intestinal barrier disrupt, inhibited expression of inflammatory factors, and reduced LPS concentration as well as hepatic injury in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that inhibited the activation of the TXNIP-NLRP3 axis reduced MPO activity and oxidative stress and thus restoring the intestinal barrier function in NASH. TXNIP-NLRP3 axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the NASH treatment.