Introduction or background: Anticoagulant therapy is mainly used to prevent patients from suffering coronary and systemic thromboembolism after stenting. Many studies have been done to formulate an optimized regimen of a post-PCI or long-time anticoagulant therapy. Recent advances in the selection and duration of anticoagulant agents will be conducive to the management of patients who are considered to need anticoagulant therapy after stenting. Sources of data: Key recent published literature, including international guidelines and relevant reviews. Areas of agreement: Anticoagulant therapy has been acknowledged to improve the prognosis of patients after stenting by reducing the risk of coronary and systemic thromboembolism. Areas of controversy: Firstly, the benefit-risk ratio of post-PCI parenteral anticoagulation to prevent stent thrombosis locally in the coronary artery is still unclear. Secondly, the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin deserve to be discussed. Furthermore, the recommendation to use long-time oral anticoagulant therapy to prevent systemic thromboembolism after stenting should also be emphasized. Growing points: Studies of anticoagulant therapy in patients after stenting add to the understanding of an optimized anticoagulant regimen and contribute to improving clinical outcomes. Areas for developing research ( a) The safety and efficacy of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, need to be further investigated by more large-scale randomized clinical trials. (b) Based on the widespread use of ticagrelor and prasugrel for patients who need longtime oral anticoagulant therapy, further study is needed to find an optimal strategy that balances the risk of bleeding and ischemic events after coronary stenting.