Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the rate of primary patency and secondary patency achieved by ulnar-basilic arteriovenous fistula (UBAVF) and radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) in the maintenance of hemodialysis access. Methods: This retrospective analysis consists of 365 patients who had a forearm UBAVF or RCAVF between January 2012 and December 2015. Of these patients, 44 patients were treated with UBAVF, while 321 patients were treated with RCAVF. Demographics, primary patency, and secondary patency were documented and compared. Results: Primary patency rates at 1 and 2 years were 77.2% and 63.9% in group UBAVF and 88.1% and 71.3% in group RCAVF, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 1 and 2 years were 93.0% and 78.8% in group UBAVF and 98.7% and 80.9% in group RCAVF, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the primary and secondary patency rates were all without statistical difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Given the similar patency rate between UBAVF and RCAVF, the UBAVF could be considered as a reliable alternative when an RCAVF is not possible.