Aging is associated with peripheral nerve degradation and bone destruction. The aim of the study is to elucidate the influence of sensory denervation on bone metabolism in different age groups by establishing a modified unilateral inferior alveolar nerve transection (IANT) model. The rats, divided into young, middle-aged and aged group, were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after right IANT. The histological changes of mandibles were analyzed by fluorescent double labeling, micro-CT, HE, TRAP and anti-CGRP immunohistochemical staining. Molecular mechanisms underlying the changes were analyzed by qPCR and western blot. Differences between the test and control side were evaluated by paired-samples t test. The Friedman test and separate Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied to analyze age-dependent difference. The impact of IANT was the most intensive in developing bone, the most persistent in full grown bone and the faintest in the aged bone. The role of IAN in keeping homeostasis was closely related to the anabolic effect of CGRP, which suppressed the number of osteoclasts through OPG/RANKL ratio and controlled growth factors expression like BMP2. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CGRP in vivo and the relationship among sensory nerve, bone metabolism and aging.