Background: This study aimed to investigate the endothelial function by reactive hyperemia index (RHI) in patients with depression, subjects recovering from depression, and subjects without a history of depression. Material/Methods: Outpatients were recruited from a general hospital in China; 62 patients diagnosed with depression and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD17) total scores 3 17 were enrolled as the depression group, 62 patients with a history of depression, discontinuation of antidepressants therapy at least 3 months ago, and HAMD17 <= 7 were recruited as remission group, and 62 subjects without a history of depression served as the control group (HAMD17 <= 7). Results: The mean RHI was 1.93, 2.34, and 2.19 in depression, control, and remission groups, respectively, showing a significant difference among the 3 groups (P= 0.0004). In addition, a marked difference in RHI was found between depression and control groups (P= 0.0003) and between depression and remission groups (P= 0.0270). However, there was no significant difference between remission and control groups (P= 0.3363). Conclusions: There is a relationship between depression and endothelial dysfunction in outpatients from a general hospital in China. The improvement of depression is synchronous with the improvement of endothelial function.