Background: The Strain Theory of Suicide postulates that psychological strains usually precede suicide mental disorders including suicidal behavior. The four sources of strain are basically (1) differential value conflicts, (2) discrepancies between aspiration and reality, (3) relative deprivation, and (4) lack of coping skills. This paper focuses on the effect of perceived failed life aspiration on the individual's mental disorder and suicide risk. Method: Data for this study were from a large psychological autopsy study conducted in rural China, where 392 suicides and 416 community living controls were consecutively recruited. Two informants (a family member and a close friend) were interviewed for each suicide and each control. Major depression was assessed with HAM-D and the diagnosis of mental disorder was made with SOD. Results: It was found that individuals having experienced failed aspiration were significantly more likely than those having not experienced a failed aspiration to be diagnosed with at least one disorder measured by the SCID and major depression measured by HAM D, and to be a suicide victim, which is true of both suicides and controls. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that the discrepancies between an individual's aspiration and the reality is likely to lead to mental disorder including major depression and suicidal behavior. Lowering a patients unrealistic aspiration can be part of the of psychological strains reduction strategies in cognitive therapies by clinicians' and mental health professionals. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.