Aim: To evaluate the antifibrotic effect of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, in bile duct-ligated rats. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated rats, model rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL rats treated with telmisartan (8 mg/kg, po, for 4 weeks). The animals were sacrificed on d 29, and liver histology was examined, the Knodell and Ishak scores were assigned, and the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. The mRNAs and proteins associated with liver fibrosis were evaluated using RTQ-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results: The mean fibrosis score of BDL rats treated with telmisartan was significantly lower than that of the model rats (1.66+/-0.87 vs 2.13+/-0.35, P=0.015). However, there was no significant difference in inflammation between the two groups, both of which showed moderate inflammation. Histologically, treatment with telmisartan significantly ameliorated BDL-caused the hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with telmisartan significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of ACE2 and MAS, and decreased the mRNA levels of ACE, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), collagen type III, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). Moreover, treatment with telmisartan significantly increased the expression levels of ACE2 and MAS proteins, and inhibited the expression levels of ACE and AT1-R protein. Conclusion: Telmisartan attenuates liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats via increasing ACE2 expression level.